After the Allies invaded Italy in 1943 they came at a halt at the Gustav Line at Cassino. When the Germans got wind of the Allied landings they took immediate action. These articles have not yet undergone the rigorous in-house editing or fact-checking and styling process to which most Britannica articles are customarily subjected.

While the U.S. military ignored the suggestion at first it was later adopted after Despite the reservations of the senior commanders of the operation it was launched on January 22, 1944 with the British 1st Infantry landing on the north, the 3rd US Infantry on the south and the 6615th Ranger Force attacking the port. Hitler ordered no defence of Rome.After the war, some experts said the Anzio plan was not good. The Americans at Cisterna were repelled and the Rangers were left withheavy losses but the British gained some ground at Via Anziate but ultimate couldn’t take the town.By February the German forces outnumbered the Allies and attacked their lines with the first goal of driving them out of Via Anziate.

Know about the causes, events, outcome, casualties and significance of one of the most famous battles of WWII through these 10 interesting facts. Although these articles may currently differ in style from others on the site, they allow us to provide wider coverage of topics sought by our readers, through a diverse range of trusted voices. Even though the campaign was a success years later it was criticized for it’s poor organization and execution. Lieutenant General Mark Clark, commanding the US Fifth Army, later suggested landing a reinforced division at Anzio with the goal of diverting German attention from Cassino and opening the way for a breakthrough on that front. Also, he received control of three additional divisions in Italy and three from elsewhere in Europe from OKW (German High Command). There were five German divisions. The Germans did not attack the landings except for a few Two Allied divisions landed.


He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert.General Sir Harold Alexander with Major General Lucian K. Truscott Jr. in the Anzio beachhead, Italy, 4 March 1944.World War II Europe: Fighting in North Africa, Sicily, and ItalyWorld War II: Operation Cobra and Breakout from Normandy

On February 15 the Allies bombed and demolished the Benedictine monastery, erroneously believing that the Germans had occupied and fortified it.
Questions or concerns? the Allies finally got past the beaches in May. When they arrived at the front lines of Rome the Allies exploited a weakness in the German defenses and soon marched into the city and this was the end of the battle of Anzio.At the end of the bate the Allies lost around 7,000 soldiers and an additional 36,000 were wounded or missing.

While Alexander initially considered a large operation that would land five divisions near Anzio, this was abandoned due to a lack of troops and landing craft. Britannica Premium: Serving the evolving needs of knowledge seekers. The Germans found out about the landings at 03:00 on January 22. Holding Route 6 open until May 30, they allowed seven divisions from the Tenth Army to escape north.

Battle of Anzio Facts. Part of the Italian Theater of

Though criticized, Churchill relentlessly defended the Anzio operation claiming that though it failed to achieve its tactical goals, it succeeded in holding German forces in Italy and preventing their redeployment to Northwest Europe on the eve of the While the attack towards Valmontone would continue, it would be much weakened.

Von Mackensen's 14th Army took command of the defence on January 25.

At 05:00 the Germans ordered the Three days after the landings, the beach was surrounded by three divisions: The 4th Parachute Division to the west, the 3rd Panzer Grenadier Division to the center, the Hermann Göring Panzer Division to the east. Both had 20,000 casualties each since the first landings.Both sides realised that no result could be achieved until the spring. Exploiting the slowed American attack, Kesselring moved parts of four divisions into the Velletri Gap to stall the advance. Though the campaign ultimately proved successful, Operation Shingle has been criticized for being poorly planned and executed. The first, Operation Buffalo, called for an attack to cut Route 6 at Valmontone to aid in trapping the German Tenth Army, while the other, Operation Turtle, was for an advance through Campoleone and Albano towards Rome. Yet Anzio was to turn into one of the bloodiest battles fought in Western Europe by the Allies in World War Two. That evening, Truscott was stunned to receive orders from Clark calling for him to turn his attack ninety degrees towards Rome.

As a result, Clark instructed Truscott to be ready to execute both operations.

Despite the misgivings of the senior commanders, Operation Shingle moved forward on January 22, 1944, with Major General Ronald Penney's British 1st Infantry Division landing north of Anzio, Colonel William O. Darby's 6615th Ranger Force attacking the port, and Major General Lucian K. Truscott's US 3rd Infantry Division landing south of the town.


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